卓汉：作品即主张，传统材料呈现法式极简

卓汉（Johan Sarvan）

卓汉建筑事务所（JSPA Design） 创始人

极简、不浮夸、粗野主义，法国建筑师卓汉（Johan Sarvan）的诸多作品似乎透露出一以贯之的品质，彰显出建筑师和甲方共同的审美品位。材料运用方面，个人特色相当鲜明：无论是现浇混凝土、青砖、夯土，还是玻璃、金属、实木，本真的材料都能带来自然触感，使得建筑既不突兀，又不“泯然众人”，实现了与周边语境的和谐互动。在同建筑畅言网的专访中，卓汉介绍了不同类型和尺度项目设计手法的考量，并透露其作为建筑师始终不变的追求：永恒、有意义、隽永的设计。

 

作为法国建筑师，是如何进入中国建筑设计市场的？

As French architects, how did you enter the Chinese architectural design market?

△太原壶津威士忌酒吧/JSPA Design©言隅-刘星昊

刚来的时候，我发现中国发展很快，但建筑方向并不明确。一直以来，极简主义和现代设计都很吸引我。我捕捉到机会，为这个快速变化的环境，带来一种更永恒、周全的设计手法。我不想追随潮流，而想要创造持久的东西，真正与周围的环境联系起来。

我们始终尊重中国的文化遗产，并试图将其与现代简约风格相融合。在我看来，简洁和品质的价值不言而喻。尽管早期项目规模较小，但通过注重设计的完整性和协作性，我们赢得了客户信任，创造出大胆、与环境和谐的空间，建立了声望。

When I first discovered China, the country was growing rapidly, but there wasn’t always a clear architectural orientation. I’ve always been drawn to minimalism and modern design, and I saw an opportunity to bring a more timeless and thoughtful approach to this fast-changing environment. I didn’t want to follow trends; I wanted to create something lasting that would truly connect with its surroundings.

From the start, we respected China’s cultural heritage and sought to merge it with a modern, minimalist style. We believed that simplicity and quality would speak for themselves. Our early projects were small, but by focusing on design integrity and collaboration, we gained trust and built a reputation for creating spaces that felt bold yet harmonious with their environment. 

 

为什么倡导极简主义的现代风格？

Why advocate a minimalist modern style?

△山西宁武燕麦工厂/JSPA Design©Schran Images

极简主义现代风格超越潮流，具有永恒的品质。在追逐稍纵即逝的美学的世界里，极简主义给予了一些持久的东西，剥离不必要的物质，揭示空间的真正本质：内在的简单、纯净和清晰。这种设计手法不仅创造了持久的建筑，还使空间能够随周围世界的变化而发展、适应并保持相关性。

然而，我们还认为要突破极简主义的界限，将其提升到另一个层面，可能是通过粗野主义，产生更强烈、更发自内心的影响。粗野主义以其原材料和原始形式强调设计的本真，以最纯粹的形式凸显简洁。通过将极简主义与粗野主义相结合，我们塑造了清晰而引人注目的空间，实现了形式永恒、外观有力的设计。

Minimalist modern style transcends trends and has a timeless quality. In a world that often chases fleeting aesthetics, minimalism offers something enduring. It’s about stripping away the unnecessary to reveal the true essence of a space : the simplicity, purity, and clarity within. This approach doesn’t just create architecture that lasts; it allows the spaces we design to evolve, adapt, and remain relevant as the world around them changes.

However, we also believe in pushing the boundaries of minimalism, taking it to another level, possibly through Brutalism, to make a stronger, more visceral impact. Brutalism, with its raw materials and primitive forms, emphasizes honesty in design and celebrates simplicity in its purest form. By combining minimalism with Brutalism, we shape spaces that are clear yet striking, achieving a design that is timeless in form and powerful in presence. 

 

刚建成的太原壶津威士忌酒吧，设计亮点是什么？从施工角度，如何提升建筑完成度？

What are the design highlights of the newly built Taiyuan Whisky Bar? From a construction perspective, how do you guarantee the high degree of architectural completion?

△太原壶津威士忌酒吧/JSPA Design©言隅-刘星昊

太原壶津威士忌酒吧是对平衡和反差的研究，拱形结构象征了力量和温暖，平衡了粗糙和精致。项目核心是现浇混凝土，整体式，经久耐用，使酒吧扎根于城市环境中。

设计自然流畅，打破了城市与室内的界限。悬挂的混凝土天花板、折叠窗和螺旋楼梯带来了动感和开放性，而黄铜色调与混凝土和灰砖的原始纹理形成了柔和的对比，营造出赋有吸引力和平衡感的氛围。

柚木、皮革和抛光表面等简约材料带来了温暖和亲密触感，软化了混凝土带来的力量感。拱门形成了安静的私人空间，而一体化的座椅则营造了舒适和联结，融合了尺度与人性化。

△太原壶津威士忌酒吧/JSPA Design©言隅-刘星昊

项目将建筑空间化成一项体验；威士忌的精致之美使其更加扎实、持久和丰富。空间低调、经典，植根于原材料，简洁而充满活力。

为了实现高完成度，与理解和尊重设计的施工团队通力协作，至关重要。作为建筑师，我们必须对整个过程保持绝对权威，指导每个细节，以保持设计愿景的完整性。建筑师应该一锤定音，确保空间不仅符合规范要求，而且有灵魂。

The Taiyuan Whisky Bar is a research on balance and contrast, where the arch becomes a symbol of strength and warmth, balancing roughness and refinement. At its core is cast-in-place concrete, monolithic, and enduring its anchoring the bar within its urban surroundings.

The design flows naturally, breaking the boundary between the city and the interior. Suspended concrete ceilings, folding windows, and a helicoidal staircase bring movement and openness, while brass accents add a soft contrast to the raw textures of concrete and gray brick, creating a balanced and inviting atmosphere.

Simple materials like teak wood, leather, and polished surfaces bring warmth and intimacy, softening the strength of the concrete. The arches form quiet, private spaces, while integrated seating invites comfort and connection, blending scale with a human touch.

This is a space where architecture becomes an experience; grounded, enduring, and enriched by the crafted beauty of whisky. It is both humble and timeless, rooted in its materials and alive in its simplicity.

To achieve the high degree of architectural completion, it is crucial to partner with a construction team that understands and respects the design. As architects, we must retain full authority over the process, guiding every detail to preserve the integrity of the vision. The architect’s voice should be the final one, ensuring that the space is built not just to specifications, but with soul. 

 

哪个项目最能体现JSPA设计理念和专业技能？

If you have to pick a project that embodies JSPA's design concept and professional skills, which one would you choose? 

我们所有的设计都是相互关联的，体现了同一想法的不同方面。为了真正理解我们的愿景，可以关注贯穿所有作品的共同点：使用单一整体性材料，形式简单，注重建筑与周围环境的和谐。每个项目都有连贯性，但方向一致，不断完善和发展设计核心原则。我们不会将每个设计都视为一次性的解决方案，而是将其看作更大规模、持续对话的一部分，即建筑如何经典、耐用，并回应其语境。

All our designs are interconnected, they represent different facets of the same idea. To truly understand our vision, we need to look at the common thread running through each of our works: the use of monolithic materials, simplicity in form, and a focus on harmony between architecture and its surroundings. Each project is a continuous development but in the same direction, refining and evolving these core principles over and over. We don't approach each design as a one-off solution, but as part of a larger, ongoing conversation about how architecture can be timeless, durable, and responsive to its context. 

 

深圳移卡办公室荣获 Dezeen设志大奖（2023年度中国最佳室内设计类办公项目）。 悬挑的玻璃会议室令人惊叹，且颇为罕见。让业主认可方案，会有困难吗？

Shenzhen Yeahka C4 Office was prized as the annual office interior project in 2023. The cantilevered glass conference room is stunning and rare. Was it difficult to persuade the owner to accept the plan?  

△深圳移卡C4办公楼室内设计/JSPA Design©苏圣亮

让甲方接受非传统设计，牺牲使用面积，一定是有挑战的。对于深圳移卡办公室设计来说，悬挑的玻璃会议室意味着失去了数百平方米的办公面积。最初，确实对方案实用性有些担忧。

不过，我们强调了这一功能对办公空间的改变过程，创造引人注目的焦点，改善整体环境。玻璃的透明度将连接办公室的不同区域，让空间开放、明亮。

甲方承担了风险，赢得了回报。会议室成为空间的决定性因素，提升整个办公室的品质，为创新工作空间设计树立了全新标准。

Convincing clients to sacrifice usable space for something unconventional is always a challenge. For the Yeahka Office, the cantilevered glass conference room meant losing several hundred square meters of office area. Initially, the idea raised concerns about practicality.

However, we emphasized how this feature would transform the workspace, creating a striking focal point and enhancing the overall environment. The transparency of the glass would connect different areas of the office, fostering openness and lightness.

The client took the risk, and it paid off. The conference room became a defining element of the space, elevating the entire office and setting a new standard for innovative workspace design. 

  

太原威士忌酒吧和宁武燕麦工厂都使用了现浇混凝土和红砖等材料。不同尺度的项目在材料和施工技术上有什么不同？

The Whiskey Bar and Oatmeal Factory both used materials such as cast-in-place concrete and red bricks. What are the differences in materials and construction techniques for projects of different scales?

△太原壶津威士忌酒吧/JSPA Design©言隅-刘星昊

△山西宁武燕麦工厂/JSPA Design©Schran Images

无论规模如何，经典、植根于大地的材料总能吸引我们。混凝土、砖块和夯土体现了结构和建筑的和谐统一，还让我们感受到自然和时间的流逝。

如同古代文明的遗迹，混凝土象征了力量和永恒，界定、以基础本质容纳了建筑空间。砖块的温暖和质感，让人联想起手工工艺，营造亲密的触觉联系。夯土是这些材料中最原始的，将泥土带入建筑本身，使土地成为空间的基础。

这些材料并非只是对过去的简单呼应，而且耐用，可经受时间的考验。材料反映了粗野主义的本质：原始、本真的建筑，揭示了建筑起源，融入周边环境。我们的每个项目都试图成为自然的一部分，不断演变，并与周围的世界相融合。

Regardless of scale, we are drawn to materials that are both timeless and grounded in the earth. Concrete, bricks, and rammed earth not only embody structure and architecture in seamless harmony but also connect us to nature and the passage of time.

Concrete stands as a symbol of strength and permanence, akin to the enduring ruins of ancient civilizations. Its strengths define space while embracing it with an elemental quality. Bricks, with their warmth and texture, evoke the human touch with craftsmanship that creates an intimate, tactile connection. Rammed earth, the most primal of these materials, brings the earth into the architecture itself, grounding the space in the land.

These materials are not just echoes of the past, but they are enduring, capable of weathering the passage of time. They reflect the essence of brutalism: raw, honest architecture that reveals its origins and grows into its environment. In every project, we strive to create spaces that become part of nature, evolving and seamlessly blending with the world around them. 

 

您个人最欣赏哪位建筑师的作品？

Personally, which architect's works do you appreciate the most?

我很欣赏秉持极简主义理念，同时又能打造出对社会有重大影响的设计作品的建筑师。他们的作品往往简单明了，却持续影响着社区和环境。我对阿尔多·范·艾克（Aldo van Eyck）的观点产生了强烈共鸣“如果一座房子要成为一座真正的房子，它就必须像一座小城市；如果一座城市要成为一座真正的城市，它就必须像一座大房子。”建筑应该塑造联系和归属感。彼得·卒姆托（Peter Zumthor）的作品讲述了空间和光线的宁静之美，而杰佛里.巴瓦（Geoffrey Bawa）的设计与土地相协调，创造了与自然的无缝连接。这些建筑师的作品提醒我，真正的建筑不仅关乎形式，还关乎建筑给人的感受以及建筑同周围环境的互动。

I admire architects who embrace minimalist concepts while creating designs that have a strong societal impact. Their work often focuses on simplicity and clarity, yet leaves a lasting influence on the community and environment.. Aldo van Eyck’s idea of “a house must be like a small city if it's to be a real house; a city like a large house if it's to be real city” resonates deeply with me, architecture should foster connections and a sense of belonging. Peter Zumthor’s work speaks to the quiet beauty of space and light, while Geoffrey Bawa’s designs harmonize with the land, creating a seamless connection to nature. Their work reminds me that true architecture is not just about form, but about how it feels and interacts with its surroundings. 

 

随着房地产市场的衰退，现在许多设计公司的项目机会越来越少。设计公司经营方面，有什么变化？

As the real estate market is declining, many design companies have fewer project opportunities now. What changes do you feel in terms of running a design firm? 

△湖州玫瑰庄园精品酒店/JSPA Design

我们很少与地产商合作，这使我们能够专注于更专业、更有意义的项目。市场趋紧是进一步完善我们工作的机会。当前市场氛围鼓励极简主义设计，更注重项目质量，而非数量。展望未来，我们的目标是继续专注于适应性再利用和翻新项目（城市和农村），以及接待类项目（酒店、度假村、精品民宿），同时致力于创造永恒、隽永的设计。

We’ve rarely collaborated with real estate developers, which has allowed us to focus on more specialized and meaningful projects. As the market tightens, we see this as an opportunity to refine our work even further. The current climate encourages minimalist designs that prioritize quality over quantity. Looking ahead, we aim to continue focusing on Adaptive Reuse and Refurbishment Projects (both urban and rural), as well as Hospitality Projects (hotels, resorts, boutique accommodations), while staying committed to creating timeless, meaningful designs. 

 

人物介绍

卓汉（Johan Sarvan）毕业于法国巴黎国立马恩河谷城市建筑大学，拥有建筑学硕士学位。作为JSPA Design 的董事及所有人，卓汉多年专攻建筑、室内、景观设计。JSPA Design是一家位于北京的法国建筑设计工作室。从2009年成立至今，形成了建筑设计、景观设计、室内设计及产品设计等全方位的设计服务体系。JSPA Design的设计语言是现代的，又常常是突破常规、具有启迪性的，跳出传统的风格概念，专注于光影、材质与空间之间的动人关系。

主要作品

△太原壶津威士忌酒吧/JSPA Design

项目面积664平米，JSPA拆除了现有外墙饰面，采用了现浇混凝土作为外立面。主要立面由两层楼高、三个混凝土拱门组成，这不仅强调了项目身份，也吸引着路人的目光。

△深圳移卡C4办公楼室内设计/JSPA Design

业主是⼀家⽀付科技领域的上市公司，JSPA对其三个楼层的办公空间进⾏了改造，总⾯积达6000 平⽅⽶，试图以⾰命性的设计展示科技公司更加透明和开放的企业⽂化。

△湖州玫瑰庄园精品酒店/JSPA Design

项目建筑面积700平米，位于浙江湖州和杭州之间的埭溪镇，四季玫瑰庄园项目现已正式对外开放。夯土建造的底层提供了出色的隔热效果，而二层则设有会议室和带有木质外墙的起居空间以便通风。

△山西宁武燕麦工厂/JSPA Design

项目建筑面积8800平米。建筑设计的方向是决定向内发展，即着重创建内部环境，以抵御不理想的外部环境（气候干燥、周边煤矿）所形成的干扰，让内部形成自洽的良好循环。天井和花园贯穿整个建筑，提供自然采光，并为工厂营造非凡的空间延伸感。

△科技寺望京/JSPA Design

与传统单调的系统式“开放空间”有所不同，JSPA侧重于将自然引入建筑的想法，组织空间，以便尽可能的带入更多的自然采光至设计项目中。最为重要的是，设定了许多区域保留种植茂密的植被，使建筑物如同身处在大自然当中。

△北京东城私宅改造/JSPA Design

该项目位于北京东城的老城区，设计工作是翻新沿街现有的明代老建筑及内部改造为私人宅院。室内面积660平米，新建建筑以周围老建筑为参考，以现代的方式重新诠释：传统瓦片的双坡屋顶被保留下来，但坡度更低，屋檐更长，传统的木结构被薄钢结构和木椽的组合所取代。

△山西省宁武县芦芽山风景区游客中心/JSPA Design

项目面积42000平米，项目的核心设计理念是重塑自然地貌，用平缓的覆满植被的斜坡掩盖住先前人工开凿的痕迹，同时舒缓地将场地内的不同高差联系起来，将建筑自然而然地融入到周围环境中去。